Before tests are conducted, a diagnosis may be suspected when patients report certain symptoms. Doctors will evaluate these symptoms by asking questions about the patient's medical history.
Doctors may also carry out a physical examination, including checks for complications that could have already developed - examining the feet for changes in sensation, for example.
Testing can be part of routine screening for people at risk of the disease, who may show up as having prediabetes. The US Department of Health and Human Services recommends diabetes testing for anyone overweight at the age of 45 years and over, alongside anyone under the age of 45 with one or more of the following risk factors:
- Hypertension (high blood pressure)
- High cholesterol
- History of diabetes in the family
- African-American, Asian-American, Latino/Hispanic-American, Native American or Pacific Islander background
- History of gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy) or delivering a baby over 9 lbs.
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