Type 2 diabetes develops when your body becomes resistant to insulin. This happens when your body's tissues don't respond well to insulin and so can't make use of the glucose in the blood for energy. Your pancreas responds by producing more insulin and your liver, where glucose is stored, releases more glucose.
Eventually your pancreas becomes less able to produce enough insulin and your tissues become more resistant to insulin. As a result, blood glucose levels slowly start to rise.
It can take several years for blood glucose to reach a level that causes symptoms of type 2 diabetes.
You're more likely to develop type 2 diabetes if you:
- are overweight or obese
- don't exercise very often
- have a family history of type 2 diabetes
- smoke
- drink alcohol excessively
- are of Aboriginal and Torres Strait islander origin – these people have a three times higher risk of developing diabetes compared to the rest of the population origin
- are over 40 and Caucasian - the risk increases further with age
- have high blood pressure or have had a heart attack or stroke
- have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and are overweight
- have impaired glucose tolerance.
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